EU Law - Incidental Direct effect and indirect effect Essay

EU Law - Incidental Direct effect and indirect effect - Essay Example GB Open Search has a contract with the Ministry of Science and Technology to install the fibre optic cable. The issue regarding Martin follows EU passing a directive (fictitious) on the right of all residents to high speed broadband by January 2014. This directive includes the duty to replace all existing broad band connections with modern connections to the new fibre optic system.1 It is to be implemented by member states by July 2013. UK uses a statutory instrument to implement the directive that says â€Å"all connections within private buildings will be replaced with modern connections†. The connections are being changed by a subcontractor Sparky Limited who has been given the discretion as to how it will complete the job as long as the job is completed by December 2013. 1 J. Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (London: Pearson Longman, 2009), 22. Sparky Limited has been given details of all current broadband users in order to contact them and change the connections. Mart in who has a small IT business leases part of a building used by a local secondary school for his business which is a public building. Sparky refuses to replace the connection on grounds that they were only contracted to replace connections in private buildings. ... The direct effect of regulations in EU law can be applied. Under EU law Article 2492 and Euratom 161 regulations and the final decisions usually have a straight impact and no federal legislation is in most cases needed in order to effect them. The regulation on replacement of copper wires to fibre optic network by the EU cannot be transposed by the UK. Regulations can be termed as the legal formulated acts that gives the EU permission to encroach on the member state’s legal systems and because of the power of the EU, the laws will apply in all Member States. UK has no rightful power to use the regulation in part. 3 In the case of Martin the EU passes a directive on the right of all residents to high speed broadband by January 2014. Under EU law Martin can apply the vertical direct effect of directives against the UK government for not implementing the directive properly and the horizontal direct effect of directives against Sparky Limited for refusing to connect him with the _ ___________________________ 2 Article 249 EU 3 Leonesio v Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [1973] Case 93/71 p. 352 high speed broad band. Directives differ from regulations as they are not generally applicable. The directive becomes national law when it has been fully implemented within the time frame The EU directive obliges the UK to transpose the requirements of the directive into national law to implement it choosing how and the form to implement it. In this respect, the UK used a statutory instrument to implement the directive by saying â€Å"all connections within private buildings will be replaced with modern connections† Martin has a case because the directive was not properly implemented. The Principle of Direct Effect and its applicability Direct applicability

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty - Essay Example Seeking to explore the moral perspectives of the death penalty through an analysis of the deterrent argument as well as the application of lethal injection, a potentially cruel and unusual punishment, the following will persuasively argue that the death penalty should be banned. Following this we will look at the death penalty using Emmanuel Kant’s Deontological and Categorical Imperative theories as well as Utilitarian theory. While the deterrence factor is brought into question, this essay will argue that lethal injection runs contrary to the prohibition against â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† and thus should be banned in its entirety (The Death Penalty Information Centre 2009; Hood 2008). According to the Death Penalty Information Centre, there has been a global trend towards the abolishment of the death penalty. Despite this trend, there are a handful of countries in the world which continue to use the death penalty as a form of punishment. While 92 countries have now abolished the death penalty (including France, Canada and the United Kingdom), 59 countries worldwide continue to have death penalty legislation on their books. China, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Pakistan remain some of the largest supporters of the death penalty with China the overwhelming leader in total executions worldwide. What are the ethical and moral issues surrounding the death penalty? It is to this question that we now turn (Hood 2008; Robert 2000). From an ethical perspective, the death penalty raises a whole host of questions. Lethal injection, a particularly insidious form of capital punishment, is practiced throughout the United States and the world and aims to execute a convicted offender through the injection of a fatal amount of drugs. It is undeniably the most commonly practiced form of capital punishment in the United States today. For advocates of the death penalty,

The Importance Of Recruiting Proper Employees Tourism Essay

The Importance Of Recruiting Proper Employees Tourism Essay 1. Introduction: In todays competitive hotel and resort industry in china, the delivery of consistent quality service is imperative to success. As we all know, the hotel service starts with employees. They represent the human side of the brand; they are also the personality and face of a hotel. It is often these employees who create the most compelling points of differentiation between one hotel and another. Every hotel want to recruit the proper and excellent employee, so the hotel management must anticipate changes in the hospitability industry environment to ensure that people who are recruited have the unique skills, know-how, values required by the hotels strategic business objectives and proper for the position. Efforts to recruit proper employees have evolved to meet the growing demands of the industry and expectations of guests. We can also find that many hotel companies have begun treating employee recruitment with the same level of importance they would a consumer branding campaign, portray ing emotion-based messages to potential employees the way an image marketing campaign might be used to generate interest among potential guests. Instead of the traditional recruitment effort, hotels and resorts are using different kinds of ways to recruit proper employees, such as colorful full-page ads in lifestyle magazines, witty dialogue in radio advertising and dramatic visuals on outdoor billboards to attract the best of the best. This is no doubt a large investment, but when a hotel is looking to find the highest quality people to bring their brand to life and deliver its promise on a daily basis, the investment is nothing short of critical. It is evident that if the quality of services rendered is ensured, the benefits that the hotel enterprises reap will be substantial, first and foremost, in terms of customer satisfaction and consequently in terms of an increase in customers, financial gains, prestige and reputation. 2. Importance of recruiting proper employees More and more hotels attach importance to recruit proper employees, because that recruitment is a form of economic competition, one hotel competes with each other to identify, attract and employee qualified human resources. investment in HR practices impacts on the processes of creating customer value; through the attraction, selection and retention of high quality employees, providing appropriate skills.( AgustÄ ±Ã‚ ´n Quintana-De ´niz, 2007)It means that recruitment is a key marketing tool for hotel seeking competitive edge.The way in which the recruitment process is handled affects the hotels image as an employer, in turn, its ability to attract qualified people, so the HR department in hotel must ensure that applicants do not receive misleading or inaccurate information. Failure in this task can create unrealistic expectations among candidates. In turn, this may produce job dissatisfaction, lower commitment and high turnover. Recruitment begins identifying HR requirements and ends with receiving applications. It involves determining where qualified applicants can be found and choosing a specific means of attracting potential employees to the hotel, it immediately precedes the selection process and involves attracting qualified and interested candidates from either inside or outside who have the capacity to generate a sustainable competitive advantage for the hotel and to be effective, recruitment must satisfy the needs of the candidate as well as the needs of the hotel. You have to tell candidates what you have to offer as well as finding out what they can offer you The point here, however, is that recruitment and selection practices should reflect actual expected occupational standards and overall management philosophies. It also indicates the current use of recruitment practices in Chinese hotels. More use of appropriate applicant testing schemes, site tours and probationary periods may yield considerable benefits to potential employers. Innovativ e sources and recruitment practices will ensure value-added recruits who are already oriented to the demands and opportunities of a career within the hotel industry. 3. Recruiting problems in Chinese hotel It is a common knowledge that hospitality front-line employees frequently encounter demanding and difficult customers. Although it is not a pleasant experience, Hospitality service agents are often required to be polite and smile in front of the customers. (Hyun Jeong Kim, 2008) As a long time in China, many people consider that hospitality work is perceived as a servile, it means that in peoples eyes hospitality work is dirty, low skilled, low paid and therefore as capable of attracting only the young, women or the marginal in society , but now many people change their attitude among the hospitality work, especially the staff where work in some international 5-star hotel particularly may carry with it a high status, because the 5-star hotel need high-quality staff that willing to help people and project genuine smiles, they also should have professional hospitality skill and good communication skill. The fact is that more and more 5-star hotels need high-quality employees to join them, but the proper employees are very limited. If a hotel can not recruit proper employees for different department, it will impact the quality of services and r aising the turnover rate, because the employee who is not proper for their job will be stress at work. In general, work-related stress has been shown to result in declines in the quality of employee job performance (Gilboa et al., 2008) that is costly for organizations because it contributes to expensive voluntary turnover, (Villanueva and Djurkovic, 2009). Recent research has found that employee stress in the hospitality industry is important because it can result in work- ers becoming exhausted and cynical (Kim, 2008) which can have negative effects on service delivery. It is no doubt that is not good for hotel operating and competing with other hotels. 4. Preparing for recruiting proper employees If a hotel wants to recruit proper employee, they must do some good preparing for recruitment. The development of a proactive strategy and approach needs to be supported and backed by the organizations key decision makers and should be highlighted in company documents such as the mission statement or company values declaration.(Stefan Groschl,2007) Strategic recruitment does this by linking recruiting activities to the organizations business objectives and culture. Proper planning also helps hotel operators draft strategies to cope with the ever-changing HR demand, to improve training and to enhance the quality of human resources (Noe, 2008) Before the recruitment, HR department must communicate with line managers carefully and clearly, because line managers play an important part in recruitment process, the line managers know their departments very clearly and roundly, they can identify recruitment need, so they should help HR ensure what kinds of staffs are proper. After that deter mining number and type of jobs to be filled and match HR supply with job opening. The job analysis is also very important part; the HR people must analyze the attractive and unattractive features of the job first, the HR also should collect job information include job description (such as job title, duties and circumstances responsibilities, relationships, know-how, accountability, authority, special) and job specification(such as experience, qualifications, skills, abilities knowledge, personal qualities, special requirements) .More clearly and carefully prepare for recruiting , more effectively the recruitment results will appear. Preparing also can help HR determine which recruitment method they will choose. 5. Choosing a right recruitment method for hotel After preparing for recruitment, HR must choose a recruitment method. Regardless of whether recruitment is done internally or externally, effective planning and strategizing are essential to the success of the process. The hotel needs to know that it has the right employees with the right skills in the right places at the right time. 5.1 Internal recruitment If a hotel decides to hire permanent employees, the first critical question it needs to address is whether to recruit internally or externally. Recruiting from the current employee pool can benefit the hotel in a numbers of ways. The hotel already has performance dada on employees. The qualifications of internal candidates are already well known to the employer. The chance has been afforded to observe the applicants working performance, skills and capabilities, ability to get along with others and fit with the hotel. In addition, employees feel that the hotel is trying to provide them with promotional and development opportunities in reward for their performance and loyalty. Nevertheless, managements perceptions of an employee are likely to be more accurate, thus providing a better prediction of success than information gained about external candidates. Human resources department constitute an enormous investment for most hotels and it makes economic sense to try to improve the retur n on this investment by making full use of the abilities of existing employees. Finally, current employees know the hotel, its culture, politics and customers and have already established relationships with partners and thus require less orientation and training. Consequently, they need far less formal or informal socialization time than those hired form the outside. Internal recruitment is often much faster and far less expensive than going outside of the hotel for applicants Although internal recruiting has advantages, this approach also has some disadvantages. Internal recruitment can become very political and competitive, particularly when coworkers apply for the same position. Dysfunctional conflict may result and collegiality and interpersonal relationships can be strained, they may be promoted beyond their level of competence. In addition that, those employees not selected for the position can suffer from diminished morale and performance, particularly when they feel equally or better qualified than the candidate selected. The hotel can become inbred through excessive internal recruitment. Continuing to promote from within can encourage maintaining the status quo. A hotel need to improve organizational processes should usually recruit from outside. Finally, excessive internal recruitment can cause inefficiency by creating multiple vacancies. As this promotion chain continues down the hierarchy, an initial vacancy could spur promotions for a large nu mber of people. Nearly all employees require a certain period of time to learn a new job. Even when an employee has worked in the hotel for several years, a new position requires adjusting to new responsibilities and redefining interpersonal relationships with coworkers. Internal recruiting can exacerbate this effect by creating a large number of employees having new positions. Until these employees gain the level of competence that their predecessors had and sufficiently redefine their working relationships, inefficiency will result. In this method of internal recruiting, supervisors could choose an individual whose work capabilities are well known to them. The other way most commonly used approach to internal recruitment is job posting. Internal recruitment not only has its advantages but also disadvantages. It is probably best utilized when the hotel pursues a strategy related to stability, faces few major threats from its external environment, and is concerned with maintaining the status quo relative to its operating system. When time or money is limited, internal recruitment can be beneficial, as well. 5.2 External recruitment A hotels human resources department can use various approaches to locate and attract external candidates, often looking to more than one source. To choose an approach, the HR manager must know which recruitment channel is likely to be most successful in targeting a particular labor group. An electrician, a computer specialist and a general manager will each have their own preferred recruitment channels. Not surprisingly, the advantages of external recruitment are consistent with the disadvantages of internal recruitment. External recruitment facilitates change and tends to be more useful for hotels with volatile external environments. External recruitment can allow expanding its knowledge base beyond that of its existing employees and bringing in new ideas and viewpoints; external recruits are not bound by existing ways of thinking or doing things. Outside employees are not members of existing cliques. They can bring a fresh approach to problems that have plagued the hotel. At the senior level, candidates are often recruited for their history of bringing about high-level change in other hotels. External recruiting, however, can be expensive and time-consuming. Employees from outside the hotels will often need a longer socialization period to know the hotels cultures, services, coworkers and customers, they adjustment and orientation takes longer. External recruits are also unknown entities in that hotel has no experience working with them. Although an applicant may have outstanding skills, training or experience in and may have past success in another hotel, those factors do not guarantee similar success with a new hotel or an ability to fit with a new hotels culture. Finally, external recruiting can have detrimental effects on the morale of those employees who have applied for the job internally, but have not been selected. A variety of methods can be used to recruit candidates externally, such as employee referrals, applicant-initiated recruitment, help-wanted advertisements, public employment agencies, private employment agencies, executive search firms, campus recruitin g and online recruiting. Furthermore, Web-based recruiting is not limited to external applicants but can also be used to attract current employees. For instance, job openings can be posted on an organizations intranet in order to announce opportunities for current employees to move into an e-service position.( Karen,2008)The choice of an external recruitment method depends on the circumstances surrounding the recruitment situation. 6. Interviewing Choosing a right recruiting method is not enough to recruit proper employees for a hotel; it also needs a comprehensive and impersonal interviewing. It is no doubt that interviewing is a vital selection tool to ensure the candidate whether is proper for the position. Interviewers should include HR professionals, the manager of viable candidates and upper-level manager. Interviewing applicants involves making subjective assessments of each applicants qualifications for a job. It is easy to find that more and more group interviewing are used now, group interviewing allows different interviewers to contrast and compare their interpretations of the same interview information. Consequently, this type interviewing often helps overcome many of errors that individual interviewers might make, it also can save time for the hotel and applicant, but they often involve creating a less personal atmosphere for applicants. Sometimes group interviewing may make it more difficult for interviewers to g et a sense of the applicants interpersonal style. In more recent years, however, a growing interest among strategy researchers has emphasized the importance of behavioral explanations to strategy development. ( Baker M. Ayoun, 2008)If you work in a five-star hotel, good behavior is very important for your career. The hotel management also pays more attention to that, so in recent years, behavioral interviewing has become increasingly popular, which involve determining whether an applicants anticipated behavior in a variety of situations scenarios posed in interview question with experienced applicants as well as with those who have limited professional hospitality working experience, because that interviewers will ask some situations that the candidates will face on their jobs in the future. Thus, new templates of organizing for the hotel industry seemed to evolve over time.(Pà ¤iviKarhunen,2008)Before the behavioral interviewing, the interviewers must determine the most important behavioral characteristics required for given a job , it is very important for choosing proper employees form the candidates, because these can be identified by examining the key traits displayed by high performing incumbents. The hotel management can use this interviewing to looks for the candidates problem-solving ability, interpersonal communication style, decision making ability and problem analysis ability. If interviews are structured, the interviewers should pay attention that all candidates are asked the same questions and are given the same chance to respond and explain their views, it becomes easier to compare applicant responses to identical questions. If interviews are unstructured, the questions can be flexible. The hotel can choose the style of interviews depends on what kinds of people you will recruit, if you interview a job that require creativity ability, such as marketing job, the interviewers may choose less structured or unstructured interviews. On the other hand, attitude, self-efficacy and subjective norm were related to behavioral intention of adopting IT (Terry Lam, 2007 ) It is meaningful for asking candidates to describe their behaviors or actions they have taken in specific situations, it can help HR and line managers to estimate and ensure whether he or she is proper employee for this department in hotel. It also can assist the hotel in determining the fit between the applicants and hotels culture and processes. The interviewers should also pay attention that Candidates are just as interested in making the right decision as the client; they want as much information as possible, they want to feel welcomed when they interview, and they want to know they will be properly supported if they accept the position(Karen K. Kirby,2008) 7. Testing If a hotel wants to ensure whether the employee is proper for his position, testing is very important part .The needs of the hotel and job structure include specific responsibilities, interpersonal relationships with others and so forth will determine whether any or all of the following should be assessed: technical skills, interpersonal skills, personality traits, problem-solving abilities or any other job-related performance indicators. The key variable that should influence testing is job requirements. Any testing that is not specifically job-related could be legally challenged, particularly if adverse impact can be shown. The timing of testing can depend on hotels, traditionally, testing has been conducted after the interviewing and screening process due to the expense of testing and time required scoring and evaluating test results. However, some hotels are now testing earlier in the selection process because costs involved with interviewing often exceed the costs of testing. Clearly, it makes sense for an employer to use more cost-effective screening earlier in the selection process. Perhaps the most useful types of tests are work sample and trainability. Work sample is similar as on-job testing, it involve giving the applicant a representative sample of work that would be part of the job and asking the individual to complete it. These tests are useful when the management needs employees who will be able to perform job responsibilities from the first day of employment. Trainability tests measure an applicants aptitude and ability to understand critical components of the job that the company may be willing to teach once the employee is hired. They are useful when the management needs some familiarity with the nature of the work but seeks to train the new employee in the hotels way to do right things. 8. Summary After the explain in this article, you can find out how important to recruit the proper employees for 5-star hotels, only have the high-quality staff, the assessment and expectations of hotel will keep on the high level and compete with other hotels. So before the recruitment, HR people should communicate with line managers comprehensively to identify recruitment needs. HR also need do some other preparing such as job description and job specification. After preparing for recruiting well, HR should choose the recruitment method depends on the situation, no matter choosing internal recruitment or external recruitment, the HR needs to ensure that it has the right employees with the right skills in the right places at the right time. If hotel wants to recruit proper employees, only well preparing and choosing right recruitment method is not enough, it also need a comprehensive interviewing and testing. Management should pay attention to using behavioral interviewing, because those inter viewers will ask some situations that the candidates will face on their jobs in the future, the interviewers will determine whether the candidates have the most important behavioral characteristics required for given a job. Management also can use some testing to identify whether the applicant is proper for the position. 9. Conclusion As the hotel industry is labor intensive, its products and services rely to a great degree on people, which amount to a huge proportion of overall costs. (Lin Lin, Jeou-ShyanHorng, Yi-ChenChen, Chang-YenTsai, 2010) It is also widely accepted that the quality of services offered by Hotel personnel and the resulting customer satisfaction are key to the survival and success of Hotel units. In addition, it is very important that the assessment and expectations of hotel directors regarding the quality of services extended to their customers as well as the hotel personnel available be considered and understood in order to ensure that these expectations are met at the desired level. Especially in China, hospitality industry is developing faster and faster, more and more foreigners come to china to visit or have a business trip, so Chinese hospitality industry need lots of high-quality staffs, but in fact, the hospitality professionals are very limited, so hotel management should pay attenti on to recruit proper employees that with the right skills in the right places at the right time, so HR should do some well preparing for recruitment and choose the right recruitment method. While HR and management are interviewing and testing, they should focuses on candidates behavioral interviewing to identify whether they have the most important behavioral characteristics required for given a job. All in all, hotel should try their best to ensure the employees they recruit are proper for their job, and work as the professionals. Therefore, enhancing the quality of employees is a must in the hospitality industry (Collins, 2007)

Choosing Sides in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Lone Star Essay

Choosing Sides in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Lone Star A major theme in multicultural literature is the search for identity by those of more than one culture. In most cases, one of these cultures is recognized as being more advantaged and powerful than the other. In John Sayles's Lone Star and Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, bicultural characters negatively stereotype members of their own "inferior" or "less advantaged" background in order to identify themselves with their more powerful culture. The artists ultimately illustrate, however, that choosing sides is an unnatural option and that mixed heritages can have their own advantages. People of more than one culture often have trouble fitting into either; as Pat Mora suggests in her poem "Sonrisas," they "live in a doorway / between two rooms"[Mora]. For example, in Lone Star, Mercedes, who was born in Mexico but resides in Texas, lives up to Mora's description of a "legal alien"--someone who is seen as "an American to Mexicans / A Mexican to Americans"[Mora]. Sheriff Buddy's refusal to publicly acknowledge or inform his son of his affair with Mercedes shows that she does not totally belong to American culture. Mercedes also has trouble fitting in with the Mexican community. Her employees' lack of respect for her indicates her alienation. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Mrs. Turner, who is also of mixed heritage, fits in with neither African-Americans nor whites. She laments that although she has "white folks' features in [her] face...[she is still] lumped in wid all de rest [of the African-Americans]"[Hurston, p.211] by Whites, with whom she tries to be identified. On the other hand, she is also not "usete... ...ation if they learn to incorporate both cultures into their personalities. Like Dorothy's ruby slippers in The Wizard of Oz, Mercedes's restaurant serves as an example of a perfect solution that was always right in front of her face. The restaurant, which employs an American work ethic but serves Mexican food, becomes a metaphor of her newfound cultural harmony. Sayles suggests that she will have better relationships with her daughter and grandson as a reward for her recently expanded perceptions. Mrs. Turner, on the other hand, never consciously accepts her situation and therefore receives no such reward. On the contrary, she is ostracized by both white and African-American communities. The contrast between Mercedes's dynamism and Mrs. Turner's stasis in this respect proves Otis Payne's assertion in Lone Star that "blood is what you make of it."

Guidance Services

GUIDANCE SERVICES IN ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY & TRETIARY LEVELThe school is expected to provide more than just teaching and instruction. A school programme includes all those activities other than instructional which are carried out to render assistance to pupils in their educational, vocational, personal development and adjustment.GUIDANCE SERVICES IN ELEMENTARYThe elementary school counsellor serves the needs of all elementary students, to help them develop, academically, socially and emotionally. The school counsellor’s role is constantly changing, reflecting the needs of the many people in our school community; children, parents, teachers, and administrators. A variety of services are provided: Guidance LessonsThe elementary guidance curriculum is child-centred and developmental – considers the characteristics and needs of each age and grade level. The curriculum encourages students to:– develop positive self-image – become more aware of the relationships between themselves and others – recognize their own needs and goals Individual Counselling ServicesElementary school counsellors meet individually with students to provide support for school-related issues. The counselling strategies vary with each student’s needs and are provided on a short-term basis as determined by the school counsellor. Students can refer themselves to the counsellor or can be referred by parents, teachers, or other school staff. Group Counselling ServicesElementary school counsellors meet with small groups of students on various topics. Topics are determined by the children’s needs and interests.ConsultationSchool counsellors, parents, and teachers work together to support children. Elementary school counsellors work with parents: – to exchange and gather information – to provide recommendations; and – to discuss parenting concernsElementary school counsellors work with teachers, administrators, and other staff: †“ to provide information, materials and referral assistance – to address student needs, especially within the Instructional Support Team (IST); and – to promote a positive learning environment.Is it time to speak with the counsellor?Parents should feel free to call the counsellor when they notice certain signs of potential problem in their child: – You see a dramatic change in your child’s behaviour. A happy child becomes withdrawn. A friendly child wants to be alone. – There’s been a change in your family. A new marriage, a severe illness, a divorce or a new baby can all effect school work. -Your child begins acting out and fails to respond to your usual methods of discipline. The behaviour that you see at home may also be occurring at school.GUIDANCE SERVICES IN SECONDARYThe Guidance Department is committed to helping students successfully navigate through high school academically, socially, and personally. This begins with the guidance counsellors visiting the middle schools to help 8th grade students make informed decisions about course selection and getting involved in school activities at the high school. This is done in conjunction with an eighth grade parent night to introduce parents to the high school. ONCE STUDENTS HAVE TRANSITIONED IN AS FRESHMEN, meet the ninth graders in groups to stress the importance of being an active participant in their high school education. It is important for students to understand early on that the decisions they make as freshmen can impact their future plans.IN THE SOPHOMORE YEAR, administer the PLAN assessment to all 10th graders and then schedule individual meetings with the students and parents to begin the discussion and planning for what comes after high school. We often refer to this meeting as â€Å"The Kick-off† to the college planning process. BY JUNIOR YEAR, students should be in full gear with their post secondary planning and help jump start this by providin g students with the tools to get started in group sessions. THE COMPREHENSIVE GUIDANCE PLAN CULMINATES IN THE SENIOR YEAR , with individual meetings with seniors and  their parents to help guide them through the post-secondary and college application process. -Donna Lyons, Director of GuidanceTHE GOALS OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELING PROGRAM ARE:†¢To help students in developing the ability to make decisions regarding personal, social, and educational matters. †¢To assist parent/guardian(s) in developing skills needed to support the student’s post-secondary enrolment and career exploration processes. †¢To support personalized assessment of the educational and career options available to each student. †¢To make appropriate referrals concerning community and school resources. †¢To assist students, parents, and others involved in addressing concerns and issues associated with the classroom and school environment. †¢To assist in the implementation of progr am accommodations granted as part of approved special education Individual Education Plans (IEP) or regular education 504 plans.Test PreparationThe Guidance Services Department at most schools offers students test preparation materials to help the students prepare for the various standardized tests they are exposed to during their middle school and high school careers.Program PlanningProgram planning is another key service offered by guidance departments. Program planning involves helping the student decide what classes he wants to take during his middle school and high school career. Program planning not only helps the student decide what electives to take and what classes are best for his academic abilities, it ensures that the classes the student is taking fulfil the high school's graduation requirements.Individual/Group CounsellingIndividual counselling and group counselling comprise counselling sessions held between a guidance counsellor and a student or group of students. Thes e sessions seek to address psychological, social and academic issues that can range from problems with school work, to bullying, to health concerns like depression. During these types of sessions, the parents of the student may be contacted and the student may be referred to an outside agency if the  problem warrants such action.College/Career PlanningThis service seeks to help students decide what they want to do after they are finished with their high school career. If the student wants to attend college after high school, the school selection and application process can be overseen or aided by the guidance counsellor. If the student wishes to enter the workforce immediately after high school, the guidance counsellor can aid the student in finding work, resume building, interview etiquette and many other employment-seeking skills.Guidance and Counselling has been defined as a profession involving an â€Å"integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual p rimarily by helping him /her to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her present and future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs.†(RA 9258, Rule 1, Section 3) The PSHS-CARC Guidance Program is based on the needs of the starting campus and its budgetary limitations.Sponsored Link2014 Scholarships Scholarships for Students Undergraduate, Masters, PhD etc scholarship-positions.comGUIDANCE SERVICES IN TERTIARYInformation This refers to the intentional and purposive delivery of information to students; the primary purpose is to enable students to use said information to guide their choices and actions inside and outside of the University. Information varies and may be categorized as institutional, educational, occupational, and personal. Modes of delivery include dissemination through bulletin board, postings, flyers, brochures, orientations, meetings, and consultations.Individual InventoryThis refers to the process of accumulating and analyzi ng information about students on an individual basis through the use of an inventory form and through routine interview. Data solicited may include demographic information, academic records, psychological assessment data, and personal needs and problems. Data may be used to check for students who may need  counselling or specialized guidance services, and to inform the development and enhancement of student services.TestingConsistent with the objective of being able to assess relevant educational and psychological data from students, a testing program is designed and implemented. The testing program aims to help the students gain understanding of their needs and personality, to realize their potentials, to identify their strengths and weaknesses, and to know the implications of these. The main task of this service is the administration, scoring, and interpretation of standardized psychological tests of personality, interest, needs, aptitude, and intelligence, as well as the develo pment and use of affective scales that can be used to come up with a more complete picture of a student's traits or characteristics.CounsellingThis refers to the purposive interaction between student and counsellor, individually or in groups where the needs, problems, or difficulties of the student are shared, examined, and processed with the end goal of empowering the student to effectively manage his concerns. Areas of concern can be academic, personal, or social in nature and may focus on one's personality, emotion, attitude, values, or actual behaviour, Students can avail of counselling voluntarily (walk-in) or by referral from faculty, counsellors, parents, and other students.Personality Education Program This is a curriculum-based psycho-educational program designed to facilitate the total personality development, psychological wellness, and life adjustment of students.Career DevelopmentThis refers to the set of services specifically designed to assist students in their career planning and choices. These services can be categorized as career education (i.e. seminar on writing an effective resume); career information (i.e. job postings); and career placement (i.e. job fair).Special Guidance ServicesDevelopmental Learning SessionsThis refers to seminars or workshops facilitated by counsellors or invited resource persons on topics not covered by the information service and personality education classes. The aim of such program is to facilitate the learning experience of students on a wide variety of topics that could help them in their adjustment in school and life in general.Psychotherapeutic Intervention ProgramThis refers to programs specifically planned, designed, and implemented to meet the need of a particular group of students (i.e. athletes, single-mothers). The aim of such program is to promote psychological wellness and prevent future incidents of maladjustments or to remedy an already existing case of maladjustments among students belonging to sp ecial target groups.Research and EvaluationResearch is a guidance function where the counsellors develop and implement research plans that would generate empirical data about students and student’s life that could be used to inform policy and decision-making in the University, especially on matters relevant to student welfare and development, and to inform the direction and suitability of the various guidance services.Evaluation is a guidance function where the counsellors develop and implement assessment and evaluation plans that would provide soft and hard data on the quality, results, and impact of the various student services and programs. Evaluation data can be used as basis for enhancement of existing programs and development of new programs. Referral and ConsultationCounselling or clinical cases deemed beyond the level of expertise or resources of the faculty counsellors are referred to others to ascertain that students in such cases would be able to benefit from the b est available intervention.Follow-upThis refers to the formal and systematic monitoring of the individual progress of current students who have undergone academic advising, counselling, referral, placement, or any special intervention program. Returning students and those who are in academic probation are also monitored whenever needed. http://www.pnu.edu.ph/page/osass_guidance.php

Angels Demons Chapter 24-27

24 The security technician held his breath as his commander leaned over his shoulder, studying the bank of security monitors before them. A minute passed. The commander's silence was to be expected, the technician told himself. The commander was a man of rigid protocol. He had not risen to command one of the world's most elite security forces by talking first and thinking second. But what is he thinking? The object they were pondering on the monitor was a canister of some sort – a canister with transparent sides. That much was easy. It was the rest that was difficult. Inside the container, as if by some special effect, a small droplet of metallic liquid seemed to be floating in midair. The droplet appeared and disappeared in the robotic red blinking of a digital LED descending resolutely, making the technician's skin crawl. â€Å"Can you lighten the contrast?† the commander asked, startling the technician. The technician heeded the instruction, and the image lightened somewhat. The commander leaned forward, squinting closer at something that had just come visible on the base of the container. The technician followed his commander's gaze. Ever so faintly, printed next to the LED was an acronym. Four capital letters gleaming in the intermittent spurts of light. â€Å"Stay here,† the commander said. â€Å"Say nothing. I'll handle this.† 25 Haz-Mat. Fifty meters below ground. Vittoria Vetra stumbled forward, almost falling into the retina scan. She sensed the American rushing to help her, holding her, supporting her weight. On the floor at her feet, her father's eyeball stared up. She felt the air crushed from her lungs. They cut out his eye! Her world twisted. Kohler pressed close behind, speaking. Langdon guided her. As if in a dream, she found herself gazing into the retina scan. The mechanism beeped. The door slid open. Even with the terror of her father's eye boring into her soul, Vittoria sensed an additional horror awaited inside. When she leveled her blurry gaze into the room, she confirmed the next chapter of the nightmare. Before her, the solitary recharging podium was empty. The canister was gone. They had cut out her father's eye to steal it. The implications came too fast for her to fully comprehend. Everything had backfired. The specimen that was supposed to prove antimatter was a safe and viable energy source had been stolen. But nobody knew this specimen even existed! The truth, however, was undeniable. Someone had found out. Vittoria could not imagine who. Even Kohler, whom they said knew everything at CERN, clearly had no idea about the project. Her father was dead. Murdered for his genius. As the grief strafed her heart, a new emotion surged into Vittoria's conscious. This one was far worse. Crushing. Stabbing at her. The emotion was guilt. Uncontrollable, relentless guilt. Vittoria knew it had been she who convinced her father to create the specimen. Against his better judgment. And he had been killed for it. A quarter of a gram†¦ Like any technology – fire, gunpowder, the combustion engine – in the wrong hands, antimatter could be deadly. Very deadly. Antimatter was a lethal weapon. Potent, and unstoppable. Once removed from its recharging platform at CERN, the canister would count down inexorably. A runaway train. And when time ran out†¦ A blinding light. The roar of thunder. Spontaneous incineration. Just the flash†¦ and an empty crater. A big empty crater. The image of her father's quiet genius being used as a tool of destruction was like poison in her blood. Antimatter was the ultimate terrorist weapon. It had no metallic parts to trip metal detectors, no chemical signature for dogs to trace, no fuse to deactivate if the authorities located the canister. The countdown had begun†¦ Langdon didn't know what else to do. He took his handkerchief and lay it on the floor over Leonardo Vetra's eyeball. Vittoria was standing now in the doorway of the empty Haz-Mat chamber, her expression wrought with grief and panic. Langdon moved toward her again, instinctively, but Kohler intervened. â€Å"Mr. Langdon?† Kohler's face was expressionless. He motioned Langdon out of earshot. Langdon reluctantly followed, leaving Vittoria to fend for herself. â€Å"You're the specialist,† Kohler said, his whisper intense. â€Å"I want to know what these Illuminati bastards intend to do with this antimatter.† Langdon tried to focus. Despite the madness around him, his first reaction was logical. Academic rejection. Kohler was still making assumptions. Impossible assumptions. â€Å"The Illuminati are defunct, Mr. Kohler. I stand by that. This crime could be anything – maybe even another CERN employee who found out about Mr. Vetra's breakthrough and thought the project was too dangerous to continue.† Kohler looked stunned. â€Å"You think this is a crime of conscience, Mr. Langdon? Absurd. Whoever killed Leonardo wanted one thing – the antimatter specimen. And no doubt they have plans for it.† â€Å"You mean terrorism.† â€Å"Plainly.† â€Å"But the Illuminati were not terrorists.† â€Å"Tell that to Leonardo Vetra.† Langdon felt a pang of truth in the statement. Leonardo Vetra had indeed been branded with the Illuminati symbol. Where had it come from? The sacred brand seemed too difficult a hoax for someone trying to cover his tracks by casting suspicion elsewhere. There had to be another explanation. Again, Langdon forced himself to consider the implausible. If the Illuminati were still active, and if they stole the antimatter, what would be their intention? What would be their target? The answer furnished by his brain was instantaneous. Langdon dismissed it just as fast. True, the Illuminati had an obvious enemy, but a wide-scale terrorist attack against that enemy was inconceivable. It was entirely out of character. Yes, the Illuminati had killed people, but individuals, carefully conscripted targets. Mass destruction was somehow heavy-handed. Langdon paused. Then again, he thought, there would be a rather majestic eloquence to it – antimatter, the ultimate scientific achievement, being used to vaporize – He refused to accept the preposterous thought. â€Å"There is,† he said suddenly, â€Å"a logical explanation other than terrorism.† Kohler stared, obviously waiting. Langdon tried to sort out the thought. The Illuminati had always wielded tremendous power through financial means. They controlled banks. They owned gold bullion. They were even rumored to possess the single most valuable gem on earth – the Illuminati Diamond, a flawless diamond of enormous proportions. â€Å"Money,† Langdon said. â€Å"The antimatter could have been stolen for financial gain.† Kohler looked incredulous. â€Å"Financial gain? Where does one sell a droplet of antimatter?† â€Å"Not the specimen,† Langdon countered. â€Å"The technology. Antimatter technology must be worth a mint. Maybe someone stole the specimen to do analysis and R and D.† â€Å"Industrial espionage? But that canister has twenty-four hours before the batteries die. The researchers would blow themselves up before they learned anything at all.† â€Å"They could recharge it before it explodes. They could build a compatible recharging podium like the ones here at CERN.† â€Å"In twenty-four hours?† Kohler challenged. â€Å"Even if they stole the schematics, a recharger like that would take months to engineer, not hours!† â€Å"He's right.† Vittoria's voice was frail. Both men turned. Vittoria was moving toward them, her gait as tremulous as her words. â€Å"He's right. Nobody could reverse engineer a recharger in time. The interface alone would take weeks. Flux filters, servo-coils, power conditioning alloys, all calibrated to the specific energy grade of the locale.† Langdon frowned. The point was taken. An antimatter trap was not something one could simply plug into a wall socket. Once removed from CERN, the canister was on a one-way, twenty-four-hour trip to oblivion. Which left only one, very disturbing, conclusion. â€Å"We need to call Interpol,† Vittoria said. Even to herself, her voice sounded distant. â€Å"We need to call the proper authorities. Immediately.† Kohler shook his head. â€Å"Absolutely not.† The words stunned her. â€Å"No? What do you mean?† â€Å"You and your father have put me in a very difficult position here.† â€Å"Director, we need help. We need to find that trap and get it back here before someone gets hurt. We have a responsibility!† â€Å"We have a responsibility to think,† Kohler said, his tone hardening. â€Å"This situation could have very, very serious repercussions for CERN.† â€Å"You're worried about CERN's reputation? Do you know what that canister could do to an urban area? It has a blast radius of a half mile! Nine city blocks!† â€Å"Perhaps you and your father should have considered that before you created the specimen.† Vittoria felt like she'd been stabbed. â€Å"But†¦ we took every precaution.† â€Å"Apparently, it was not enough.† â€Å"But nobody knew about the antimatter.† She realized, of course, it was an absurd argument. Of course somebody knew. Someone had found out. Vittoria had told no one. That left only two explanations. Either her father had taken someone into his confidence without telling her, which made no sense because it was her father who had sworn them both to secrecy, or she and her father had been monitored. The cell phone maybe? She knew they had spoken a few times while Vittoria was traveling. Had they said too much? It was possible. There was also their E-mail. But they had been discreet, hadn't they? CERN's security system? Had they been monitored somehow without their knowledge? She knew none of that mattered anymore. What was done, was done. My father is dead. The thought spurred her to action. She pulled her cell phone from her shorts pocket. Kohler accelerated toward her, coughing violently, eyes flashing anger. â€Å"Who†¦ are you calling?† â€Å"CERN's switchboard. They can connect us to Interpol.† â€Å"Think!† Kohler choked, screeching to a halt in front of her. â€Å"Are you really so naive? That canister could be anywhere in the world by now. No intelligence agency on earth could possibly mobilize to find it in time.† â€Å"So we do nothing?† Vittoria felt compunction challenging a man in such frail health, but the director was so far out of line she didn't even know him anymore. â€Å"We do what is smart,† Kohler said. â€Å"We don't risk CERN's reputation by involving authorities who cannot help anyway. Not yet. Not without thinking.† Vittoria knew there was logic somewhere in Kohler's argument, but she also knew that logic, by definition, was bereft of moral responsibility. Her father had lived for moral responsibility – careful science, accountability, faith in man's inherent goodness. Vittoria believed in those things too, but she saw them in terms of karma. Turning away from Kohler, she snapped open her phone. â€Å"You can't do that,† he said. â€Å"Just try and stop me.† Kohler did not move. An instant later, Vittoria realized why. This far underground, her cell phone had no dial tone. Fuming, she headed for the elevator. 26 The Hassassin stood at the end of the stone tunnel. His torch still burned bright, the smoke mixing with the smell of moss and stale air. Silence surrounded him. The iron door blocking his way looked as old as the tunnel itself, rusted but still holding strong. He waited in the darkness, trusting. It was almost time. Janus had promised someone on the inside would open the door. The Hassassin marveled at the betrayal. He would have waited all night at that door to carry out his task, but he sensed it would not be necessary. He was working for determined men. Minutes later, exactly at the appointed hour, there was a loud clank of heavy keys on the other side of the door. Metal scraped on metal as multiple locks disengaged. One by one, three huge deadbolts ground open. The locks creaked as if they had not been used in centuries. Finally all three were open. Then there was silence. The Hassassin waited patiently, five minutes, exactly as he had been told. Then, with electricity in his blood, he pushed. The great door swung open. 27 â€Å"Vittoria, I will not allow it!† Kohler's breath was labored and getting worse as the Haz-Mat elevator ascended. Vittoria blocked him out. She craved sanctuary, something familiar in this place that no longer felt like home. She knew it was not to be. Right now, she had to swallow the pain and act. Get to a phone. Robert Langdon was beside her, silent as usual. Vittoria had given up wondering who the man was. A specialist? Could Kohler be any less specific? Mr. Langdon can help us find your father's killer. Langdon was being no help at all. His warmth and kindness seemed genuine, but he was clearly hiding something. They both were. Kohler was at her again. â€Å"As director of CERN, I have a responsibility to the future of science. If you amplify this into an international incident and CERN suffers – â€Å" â€Å"Future of science?† Vittoria turned on him. â€Å"Do you really plan to escape accountability by never admitting this antimatter came from CERN? Do you plan to ignore the people's lives we've put in danger?† â€Å"Not we,† Kohler countered. â€Å"You. You and your father.† Vittoria looked away. â€Å"And as far as endangering lives,† Kohler said, â€Å"life is exactly what this is about. You know antimatter technology has enormous implications for life on this planet. If CERN goes bankrupt, destroyed by scandal, everybody loses. Man's future is in the hands of places like CERN, scientists like you and your father, working to solve tomorrow's problems.† Vittoria had heard Kohler's Science-as-God lecture before, and she never bought it. Science itself caused half the problems it was trying to solve. â€Å"Progress† was Mother Earth's ultimate malignancy. â€Å"Scientific advancement carries risk,† Kohler argued. â€Å"It always has. Space programs, genetic research, medicine – they all make mistakes. Science needs to survive its own blunders, at any cost. For everyone's sake.† Vittoria was amazed at Kohler's ability to weigh moral issues with scientific detachment. His intellect seemed to be the product of an icy divorce from his inner spirit. â€Å"You think CERN is so critical to the earth's future that we should be immune from moral responsibility?† â€Å"Do not argue morals with me. You crossed a line when you made that specimen, and you have put this entire facility at risk. I'm trying to protect not only the jobs of the three thousand scientists who work here, but also your father's reputation. Think about him. A man like your father does not deserve to be remembered as the creator of a weapon of mass destruction.† Vittoria felt his spear hit home. I am the one who convinced my father to create that specimen. This is my fault! When the door opened, Kohler was still talking. Vittoria stepped out of the elevator, pulled out her phone, and tried again. Still no dial tone. Damn! She headed for the door. â€Å"Vittoria, stop.† The director sounded asthmatic now, as he accelerated after her. â€Å"Slow down. We need to talk.† â€Å"Basta di parlare!† â€Å"Think of your father,† Kohler urged. â€Å"What would he do?† She kept going. â€Å"Vittoria, I haven't been totally honest with you.† Vittoria felt her legs slow. â€Å"I don't know what I was thinking,† Kohler said. â€Å"I was just trying to protect you. Just tell me what you want. We need to work together here.† Vittoria came to a full stop halfway across the lab, but she did not turn. â€Å"I want to find the antimatter. And I want to know who killed my father.† She waited. Kohler sighed. â€Å"Vittoria, we already know who killed your father. I'm sorry.† Now Vittoria turned. â€Å"You what?† â€Å"I didn't know how to tell you. It's a difficult – â€Å" â€Å"You know who killed my father?† â€Å"We have a very good idea, yes. The killer left somewhat of a calling card. That's the reason I called Mr. Langdon. The group claiming responsibility is his specialty.† â€Å"The group? A terrorist group?† â€Å"Vittoria, they stole a quarter gram of antimatter.† Vittoria looked at Robert Langdon standing there across the room. Everything began falling into place. That explains some of the secrecy. She was amazed it hadn't occurred to her earlier. Kohler had called the authorities after all. The authorities. Now it seemed obvious. Robert Langdon was American, clean-cut, conservative, obviously very sharp. Who else could it be? Vittoria should have guessed from the start. She felt a newfound hope as she turned to him. â€Å"Mr. Langdon, I want to know who killed my father. And I want to know if your agency can find the antimatter.† Langdon looked flustered. â€Å"My agency?† â€Å"You're with U.S. Intelligence, I assume.† â€Å"Actually†¦ no.† Kohler intervened. â€Å"Mr. Langdon is a professor of art history at Harvard University.† Vittoria felt like she had been doused with ice water. â€Å"An art teacher?† â€Å"He is a specialist in cult symbology.† Kohler sighed. â€Å"Vittoria, we believe your father was killed by a satanic cult.† Vittoria heard the words in her mind, but she was unable to process them. A satanic cult. â€Å"The group claiming responsibility calls themselves the Illuminati.† Vittoria looked at Kohler and then at Langdon, wondering if this was some kind of perverse joke. â€Å"The Illuminati?† she demanded. â€Å"As in the Bavarian Illuminati?† Kohler looked stunned. â€Å"You've heard of them?† Vittoria felt the tears of frustration welling right below the surface. â€Å"Bavarian Illuminati: New World Order. Steve Jackson computer games. Half the techies here play it on the Internet.† Her voice cracked. â€Å"But I don't understand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Kohler shot Langdon a confused look. Langdon nodded. â€Å"Popular game. Ancient brotherhood takes over the world. Semihistorical. I didn't know it was in Europe too.† Vittoria was bewildered. â€Å"What are you talking about? The Illuminati? It's a computer game!† â€Å"Vittoria,† Kohler said, â€Å"the Illuminati is the group claiming responsibility for your father's death.† Vittoria mustered every bit of courage she could find to fight the tears. She forced herself to hold on and assess the situation logically. But the harder she focused, the less she understood. Her father had been murdered. CERN had suffered a major breach of security. There was a bomb counting down somewhere that she was responsible for. And the director had nominated an art teacher to help them find a mythical fraternity of Satanists. Vittoria felt suddenly all alone. She turned to go, but Kohler cut her off. He reached for something in his pocket. He produced a crumpled piece of fax paper and handed it to her. Vittoria swayed in horror as her eyes hit the image. â€Å"They branded him,† Kohler said. â€Å"They branded his goddamn chest.†

Listening Assignments for brooklyn college 22 essays

Listening Assignments for brooklyn college 22 essays Organ Fugue in G Minor, J.S. Bach, p109-110 A highness in the pitch is the frequency in the vibrations are getting faster. A second tone is getting introduced, there is an interval between them. This second tone is low, as it gets louder the vibrations increase. It is the same tone in the first part, but the octave changes to low and high and the vibrations increase introducing other tones. In Class: The pitches of the melody are high, there are many pitches from low to high. There are three layers of pitches making every layer sound distinct. the music becomes more intense and it is like my adrenaline increasing to an intense point. Dynamics is soft (piano) and crescendo to forte and return to piano and it creates a sense of softness introducing the pure awakening of spring. There is a dynamic accent that is a forte, it comes at different times and it makes me nervous as if a tribal ritual will occur. The use of layers of soft and then loud creates a fore ground and background that gives me a very frightening feeling. Brass instruments but there is a back round of other instruments that are accompanying the piece of music. There is a contrast between the beginning, middle, and end of the song. It creates a mood that varies because of the dynamics. The brass instruments have a different tone color. They are loud and dominant. The woodwind instruments have a different effect then the brass instruments. When the brass comes in it changes our mood. The end of the song sounds scary but truly ends off with a happy ending. The Dynamics play a major role in the piece you hear, the pitch ranges in this song also the mood I feel listening to this is romantic and having a good time. However towards the end I feel a little tension and scared. There seems to be a contrast in the rhythm and beat over and over. I hear the piano in the beginning however at the middle I hear the sax and other instruments accompanying. Then all at once a...

Free Essays on Barbarian

, â€Å"an intermediate generation between gods and mortals.† (Herodotus, pg. xxx) Herodotus The Histories is an amazing work. This work is titled a history, but it is important to remember that a history is not just a telling of past events. Even the most objective histories contain the biases and personal prejudices of the author. Herodotus is no exception. Within his many detailed stories and events, the reader can clearly sense his thoughts of Greek supremacy. The ancient Greek people were very proud of their culture for many different reasons. A main source of pride, however, was the Greek style of art and architecture. The Greek culture was very rich around the time of the fifth and sixth centuries BC, influencing many other cultures that came in contact with it. One such culture was that of the Persians. The Greek force defeated the Persian force, lead by Xerxes, in 479 BC. After this battle, there is evidence of Persian art having som... Free Essays on Barbarian Free Essays on Barbarian Barbarian. Within the text of Herodotus, this term meant â€Å"a non-Greek.† Originally, this term was not meant to be offensive or negative, but over time the Greeks began to think of themselves as culturally superior to the barbarians. The Greeks believed in a concept called â€Å"guest-friendship.† Guest friendship was when one man (or community) would extend his protection to an outsider visiting his community. Guest friendship involved reciprocal gift giving and was a very formal procedure. This process was eternally under the protection of the great Greek deity Zeus. Though the ancient Greeks entertained guests from various locations and cultures, they held to the fact that their own Greek culture was entirely pure and of their invention. Ancient Greeks did not cite the influences of others on their fine art. Within the ancient Greek culture, the term â€Å"hero† referred to a mortal made divine after death. In other words, â€Å"an intermediate generation between gods and mortals.† (Herodotus, pg. xxx) Herodotus The Histories is an amazing work. This work is titled a history, but it is important to remember that a history is not just a telling of past events. Even the most objective histories contain the biases and personal prejudices of the author. Herodotus is no exception. Within his many detailed stories and events, the reader can clearly sense his thoughts of Greek supremacy. The ancient Greek people were very proud of their culture for many different reasons. A main source of pride, however, was the Greek style of art and architecture. The Greek culture was very rich around the time of the fifth and sixth centuries BC, influencing many other cultures that came in contact with it. One such culture was that of the Persians. The Greek force defeated the Persian force, lead by Xerxes, in 479 BC. After this battle, there is evidence of Persian art having som...

How to Write the Wake Forest University Essays 2017-2018

Founded in 1834, Wake Forest University is located in the suburban North Carolina town of Winston-Salem. With approximately 4,800 undergraduates enrolled in either Wake Forest College or the Wake Forest School of Business, Wake Forest is respected for its personalized attention to students and challenging liberal arts curriculum, as well as for its resources as a large research institution. With its motto of â€Å"Pro Humanitate† (for humanity), students at Wake Forest are encouraged to volunteer, whether in the local community or around the world. Students also gain international experience through the study-abroad program, with approximately 60 percent of undergraduates taking advantage of this opportunity offered in more than 70 countries. In 2017, Wake Forest admitted approximately 37% of Early Decision applicants and 25% of Regular Decision applicants. Wake Forest currently stands at #27 in the U.S. News and World Report 2017 National University Rankings . In addition to the Common App essay (which you can learn more from the blog post How to Write the Common Application Essays 2017-2018 ), Wake Forest requires 7 short essays. (To view the essay prompts for hundreds of schools, check out our Essay Prompts Database .) While these prompts may seem intimidating at first, our essay specialists team here at will help you tackle Wake Forest’s 2017-2018 application to the best of your ability! The first thing to note here is the length of the essay. With a maximum of 150 words, it’s possible (but not necessary) to have a short introductory sentence. However, since the space available for response is so limited, there is no need to summarize or include a concluding sentence. For this prompt, there are no gimmicks; take the question literally . Essentially, admissions officers are looking for a genuine academic interest sparked by a task that might have been unusual or difficult. To begin to answer this question, first brainstorm for an activity to write about. If you are a prospective mechanical engineering major who built a life-sized trebuchet in your freshman design class, feel free to write about that. Or, if you are applying as a math major and proved from scratch the derivative rules in your pre-calculus class as an interest assignment, that would be a great topic too. Admittedly, it can be pretty difficult to think of an assignment that fits these guidelines so well. So if you can’t think of a high school assignment that’s a) unique and b) related to your field of study, try thinking of any moment that you truly enjoyed in an academic setting, even if it is not an â€Å"assignment† by traditional definition or related to your major. By pinpointing a moment or time frame of interest, you can then dig deeper into that incident and potentially come up with material for your essay. Taking a previous suggestion as an example, if you were particularly intrigued by a question in a literature discussion, then was there anything you did in response to it? Did you perhaps go to find your teacher during office hours to continue the discussion, culminating in an essay you penned for the school newspaper or literary magazine? Next, once you’ve brainstormed and described the interesting assignment, it’s best to explain what you learned and how that newfound knowledge has sparked your interest. For example, a Gender Studies major may have done a poster presentation on the history of feminism and now holds an appreciation for the historic roots of the movement. Giving these details will paint a clearer picture of your interest for the admissions officers. Again, this prompt is essentially serving as a â€Å"Why Major?† substitute, so admissions officers hope to learn the backstory of your academic interests through this essay. With these guidelines, you will definitely weave a more compelling narrative! Submit your essay and we’ll get back to you with helpful edits. For this prompt, Wake Forest is asking you to prove that you have both the empathy and critical thinking skills to derive meaning from works that may not be directly related to your own life. These skills, in turn, will be of great value to any college student! To approach this prompt, first choose the book about which you want to write. (Although â€Å"work of fiction† doesn’t necessarily specify a book, it’s typically more meaningful to write about a book, as opposed to a TV show or movie, since written words leave the most room for interpretation.) You can write about a classic, but if you do, try to avoid writing about something that you’ve read from school (e.g., 1984 , The Great Gatsby , The Scarlet Letter ) because it is likely that many, many others are writing about the same. But if the only thing you’ve read (in recent memory) is a school book, choose that over something you read recreationally from long ago. Once you choose your book, your next goal is to demonstrate your interpretation of the world and how your chosen text has helped shaped this perspective. For this essay, one way to do this is by explaining how the book has made you more empathetic to unfairness of random luck that everyone is subjected to, or how the text has motivated you to assume an active role in political events. For example, The Book Thief may have cemented your understanding of the nuances of human emotions during World War II, or The Kite Runner may have introduced you to the intricacy of early 20th-century Middle Eastern conflicts. With a relatively high word limit of up to 300, you can spend time explaining your perspective before reading the book and contrast it with your perspective afterwards. Including specific details from the book would be especially convincing to admissions officers. Finally, wrap up the essay by generalizing your new viewpoint on this particular political event to your novel perspective on the world as a whole. This illustrates to Wake Forest University your ability to learn from all mediums, and your ability to reflect on other’s trauma or difficult experiences as your own. Along with Prompt #7, this essay is your chance to show something about you that is not depicted by any other part of your application. Take this essay as your chance to be quirky or satirical, or simply take a literary risk! If you are having difficulty thinking of a possible theme, think about your culture and your relationships with family and friends. In both the Common App and other supplemental essays, it is rare that students reveal information about interpersonal relationships (e.g., â€Å"Top Ten Songs to Play on Car Rides with Mom†) or cultural norms (e.g., â€Å"Top Ten Foods When You Miss Home†). You could definitely use this essay to address personal aspects of you that don’t demonstrate your academic prowess, but simply show what you value in life. This essay prompt is self-explanatory, and with only 150 words, you should be fairly straightforward. When discussing how you became interested in Wake Forest, it would be best to use a personal anecdote (as opposed to, for example, saying that you became interested in Wake Forest after seeing it on the list of top U.S. colleges)! When discussing why you are applying to Wake Forest, take a look at what the university prides itself on providing. These points of pride include the rigorous liberal arts curriculum, small class size and professor attention, undergraduate research, philanthropic culture, study-abroad programs, and an accepting community. Include some of these key factors with a personalized twist. For example, instead of writing about the renowned professors who are extraordinarily accomplished in their respective academic fields, write about one or two instructors who you are especially excited to work with on your humanitarian research concerning global immigration policy for refugees. Providing these key, personal details differentiates your essay from the sea of other applications writing about the same key characteristics of Wake Forest. If you are applying Early Decision, include a memorable moment that cemented your determination to commit to the school. Did you have an â€Å"aha† moment when you visited the campus and were given a tour by a student when she saw you poking your head into the laboratories during one of her classes? Or did you attend a class and fall in love with the sharp insight that the professor provided on the current criminal justice system in the United States? Whatever the case may be, especially if you’ve visited the campus, remember to include any personal anecdotes about Wake Forest. With a relatively low word count, this essay would best be satisfied with a short anecdote of a time when you’ve spoken with, met, or debated with someone different from you. Generally speaking, it would be better to speak about a time when you engaged with someone closer to you rather than with a stranger. This is mainly because, although there are exceptions, it is far more believable that you learned a profound lesson from someone who you’ve known for years than from someone who you’ve only known for a few minutes. Let’s also remember that â€Å"different from you† is a very vague description that could refer to ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, or simply life experiences. Even the most homogeneous of communities have some distinctions between families. Utilize these distinctions to explain how you’ve become more accepting, philanthropic, or open-minded — all qualities that Wake Forest embodies and expects. Here, Wake Forest University wants to know that you care deeply about an issue that is greater than yourself. As we mentioned in the beginning, Wake Forest’s very motto proves its commitment to philanthropy. While it is possible to write about something silly (e.g., â€Å"gif† vs. â€Å"jif,† chunky vs. smooth peanut butter), given that Wake Forest mentions American politics in the essay prompt, it would be best to write about something more serious. Here, the fairly low word count means that the best method may be to employ a personal anecdote to â€Å"argue† for an issue that directly affects you. This not only answers the question but also provides yet another dimension of your personality and personal history. If you cannot think of an issue that directly affects you, try to think of a current event or controversy that affects someone else in your life (like a friend, grandparent, etc.), to give your argument the benefit of pathos. Some topics that come to mind are travel ban, current debate surrounding immigration policy, and how proposed changes to the H-1B visa will affect the medical industry and prospective doctors. This essay serves as your final chance to make a lasting impression on Wake Forest’s admissions officers. You’ve already spoken extensively about your love for the school, the origins of your academic passions, your â€Å"top ten,† and your life’s defining moments and works. Here, Wake Forest is looking for a topic that you are passionate about, which is unrelated to academics. Take this essay as a final chance to humanize yourself and prove that you’re not a robot trying to get into college! You can do that by writing about a hobby or passion that you did purely for enjoyment and not necessarily â€Å"for the resume.† If you love freestyle rapping in your free time, entitle your podcast â€Å"The Key to an Easy Groove† or something more humorous. If you love knitting, entitle it â€Å"The Key to a Good Weave,† or something along those lines. In the same vein, I would caution you from writing about something that your extracurricular activities already prove; for example, if your application includes a slew of awards for debate, try to avoid writing more a podcast that gives tips on becoming a good lawyer.

Health and Life Sciences - 8000 word Dissertation 'To Investigate the Essay

Health and Life Sciences - 8000 word Dissertation 'To Investigate the Spiritual Significance Walking has for Older People' - Essay Example The researcher also had to wade through many previous literatures, online articles, journals, and so on to help support this research. The thesis of this research supports the spiritual significance of walking and it writes thus, â€Å"The proposed research claims that walking as a physical exercise exerts a predominant influence in people and it causes for inculcating spirituality among older people.† This is a secondary research based on a qualitative study for which various diagrams and the view points of physiologists, psychologists and other writers have been included. Another notable thing that the researcher attempts to convey through this dissertation is that the term ‘spirituality’ has undergone changes during the course of time and as such, nowadays we do not entirely connect it to religion, as practiced in ancient times. The post-modern concept of spirituality is different that it now describes spirituality as ‘connectedness to nature’ or ‘connected to environment.’ The proposed study is based on the post-modern concept of spirituality on religious grounds. The researcher has attempted his best to justify the topic through different diagrams and the perceptions of the members of different walking groups. All through the research, the researcher has endeavored to keep the morality of the research. The researcher has assured the participants that all the information collected for the purpose of this research will be kept highly confidential. An official document will be prepared for the researcher. The st udy also ensures that the researcher is aware of his/her right to keep and maintain collected data with its significance. This paper adopts the traditional style of dissertation papers and the study is concluded by stating that walking as a physical exercise exerts a predominant influence in people and it causes for inculcating spirituality among older

Cars body parts Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cars body parts - Research Proposal Example Diesel or gasoline†¦ all are questions which deserve answers if you are looking for your best and most cost-efficient solution (Brain). The biggest questions to answer are the choice of gasoline or diesel engines. The former can be less expensive to buy, but poorer fuel economy can result in higher costs and even a lower resale value. Diesel engines once had a reputation as being smelly, noisy and having poor performance. Recent improvements in diesel engine technology, including high-pressure ‘common rail’ techniques, have improved all of these former drawbacks, and made diesels both more efficient and more powerful than similar-sized gasoline engines. The issue with diesel engines is that they can be more expensive than gasoline engines. A car buyer must therefore ask himself â€Å"am I going to drive a lot or a little with this car?† Drive a lot, and a diesel’s extra expense could be offset by lower fuel costs. You probably know that the power train is everything that transmits power to the driving wheels. The engine is part of the power train—that’s where the power originates. But before the power gets to the wheels, it must be geared down to apply that power: that’s where the gearbox, or transmission, come into play. The transmission takes the spinning mass powered by the engine and converts it to useful energy at a useful speed (PowerTrains). If you are stopped at an intersection, for example, the power train allows the engine to continue running despite the fact that your car is not moving. As soon as the light turns green and you step off the brake, the automatic transmission chooses first gear and allows you to move smoothly away from the intersection. As you increase your speed, the automatic transmission selects a higher gear—both to improve fuel economy and to keep the engine from over revving. When you finally reach highway speeds, the

D1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D1 - Assignment Example the start, therefore, California was prone to fabricate its experience and have continued to show some version of the that experience on and off ever since. In addition, Starr meant that our actual lived experience takes place in California, where our marriages, tribes, cultures, histories and neighbors, public laws, private agonies and our real homes right down to our humble daily occurrences and activities such as eating existed. All these things were pursued by the fact that one belonged to California or was precipitated by California-ism which depend upon love affair, power and pleasure, norms and values of human made empires not those that emanate from Heaven. When Starr stated that California entered history is a myth, he tried to imply that California has been seen Shangri-la-the promised land of many pilgrims who looking for American dream. In addition, the statement implied that California which is the second most populous State in the United States has been blessed with human diversity and natural beauty (Starr 30). More so, the State has been witnessed many events such as innovation, triumph, and discovery. For many years, Ca lifornia native people lived in plenty or of good topography and climate suited to human habitation. During the renaissance period, European colonization were not the only one doing good and great things. This is because societies in other parts of the world flourished. As the world turned into the 15th century, it seems that each in the world had its own renaissance. Native Americans of North America were not an exception. These people had diverse languages and culture much such as Europeans. When colonizers from Europe landed in North America, they could not have imagined of the intricacy of the people they were soon to interact with. Not all Native Americans lived in peace like Europeans; the continent faced tribal conflicts that sometimes led to cultural and human destruction. European colonizers in California sought to

The Five Porter Forces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Five Porter Forces - Essay Example This is thus applicable to the Coke and Pepsi industries who are major rivals in the production of carbonated soft drinks. The structure of the concentrated producers is such that a blend of the raw material ingredient  is produced, packaged in plastic canisters and taken to the bottlers. Concentrate producers add artificial sweeteners to carbonated drinks while the bottlers add sugar or high fructose is making the process of the former to be less capital intensive than the latter. Production cost is low under the concentrate producers with little capital being used on machinery, labor and overheads and still ensuring that production can serve the whole of the United States (Greenwald & Kahn 91). Innovation and sophistication is a key goal in the firm with high investments awarded to marketing, advertising, research, promotion and bottler support. However, key emphasis is given to the development of customer development agreements with other advanced companies to promote marketing strategies and employment of many people to meet the production demand Bottlers on the other hand add sugar, carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup to the concentrates and packed it ready for delivery to customers. The sales include maximization of space, positioning of brand, setting displays and points of sale and coming up with promotional activities. The process of the bottlers is capital intensive, involves high speed and high cost the o produce a package that is of similar type and size. Much of the system is capital intensive with major investments being accounted for trucks and distribution process. The industry structure of the concentrate producers is more attractive based on the model provided by Porter on industrial framework.  

Information Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information Technology - Coursework Example Apart from Windows, temporary files are detected and cleaned for most of popularly used software like Office, various media players, downloading utilities, and others. It also checks and cleans the history and temporary internet files left by browsers. For advanced users, CCleaner also offers a comprehensive registry cleaner. Finally, a tool is available within the utility to permanently delete files without trace which is useful for a security conscious user. Tools also exist to check enable or disable programs that run at system startup. System Requirements: Windows 7, Windows 2000, Windows Vista, Windows XP (â€Å"CCleaner specs†). For networks, server support is for Windows 2008 RC2, 2008 and 2003 (â€Å"CCleaner Network Edition†). Other information is not available. How easy is the program to use?: The program has a very intuitive interface and very simple to use. Pressing a single â€Å"Analyze† button does a complete diagnosis of the system and pressing a single â€Å"Run Cleaner† button cleans it. Areas to check within the system can be selected by simple check boxes. It is however advised that the registry cleaner option is used by knowledgeable users only. Cost: The single user version of the software is free. For use on a network, the prices start from $199 for 10 users to $3200 for 500 users.

D1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D1 - Assignment Example the start, therefore, California was prone to fabricate its experience and have continued to show some version of the that experience on and off ever since. In addition, Starr meant that our actual lived experience takes place in California, where our marriages, tribes, cultures, histories and neighbors, public laws, private agonies and our real homes right down to our humble daily occurrences and activities such as eating existed. All these things were pursued by the fact that one belonged to California or was precipitated by California-ism which depend upon love affair, power and pleasure, norms and values of human made empires not those that emanate from Heaven. When Starr stated that California entered history is a myth, he tried to imply that California has been seen Shangri-la-the promised land of many pilgrims who looking for American dream. In addition, the statement implied that California which is the second most populous State in the United States has been blessed with human diversity and natural beauty (Starr 30). More so, the State has been witnessed many events such as innovation, triumph, and discovery. For many years, Ca lifornia native people lived in plenty or of good topography and climate suited to human habitation. During the renaissance period, European colonization were not the only one doing good and great things. This is because societies in other parts of the world flourished. As the world turned into the 15th century, it seems that each in the world had its own renaissance. Native Americans of North America were not an exception. These people had diverse languages and culture much such as Europeans. When colonizers from Europe landed in North America, they could not have imagined of the intricacy of the people they were soon to interact with. Not all Native Americans lived in peace like Europeans; the continent faced tribal conflicts that sometimes led to cultural and human destruction. European colonizers in California sought to

Information Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information Technology - Coursework Example Apart from Windows, temporary files are detected and cleaned for most of popularly used software like Office, various media players, downloading utilities, and others. It also checks and cleans the history and temporary internet files left by browsers. For advanced users, CCleaner also offers a comprehensive registry cleaner. Finally, a tool is available within the utility to permanently delete files without trace which is useful for a security conscious user. Tools also exist to check enable or disable programs that run at system startup. System Requirements: Windows 7, Windows 2000, Windows Vista, Windows XP (â€Å"CCleaner specs†). For networks, server support is for Windows 2008 RC2, 2008 and 2003 (â€Å"CCleaner Network Edition†). Other information is not available. How easy is the program to use?: The program has a very intuitive interface and very simple to use. Pressing a single â€Å"Analyze† button does a complete diagnosis of the system and pressing a single â€Å"Run Cleaner† button cleans it. Areas to check within the system can be selected by simple check boxes. It is however advised that the registry cleaner option is used by knowledgeable users only. Cost: The single user version of the software is free. For use on a network, the prices start from $199 for 10 users to $3200 for 500 users.

Discrimination and Children Essay Example for Free

Discrimination and Children Essay This Act was put in place to protect individuals so they will not be discriminated against age, gender, disability, race, religion, sex, civil partnership, sexual orientation. We must give a child an equal chance to participate and make appropriate resources available to reach their full potential. Children are unique individuals and have the right to be treated fairly with equal respect. Disability Discrimination Act 1995-2005 When children with disabilities are discriminated against this causes them to loose confidence and are made to feel isolated. This policy was put in place to protect them for being disadvantaged. They should not be treated less favourably that non-disabled student without justification. They are entitled to have adjustment made for the purpose of education and association. 2.3 Evaluate how own attitudes, values and behaviour could impact on work with children and people. In my setting, at Al-Ameen primary school every one has their own values and opinions but share the same belief and this is vital in making personalities. However as professionals working with children we must have a diverse approach. I never make sudden judgement on people or children. I am placid natured so I give children time to shine through and understand the objective. I present myself as a positive role model. As a professional working with children it is important that our attitude reflect our opinion and belief.eg. Children pray after lunchtime and I as a TA I supervise the children when they pray. However I don’t pray at that time so I never discourage them, they choose to for themselves to participate. That is their opinion and belief as an individual. It is also important I do not let my own personal opinion have an impact on the child’s judgment. 2.4 Explain how to promote anti discriminatory practice in work with children and young people. At my setting we have children from different backgrounds and cultures. In every day practice and to avoid anti discrimination we must show interest in learning about other cultures, lifestyles and work on building positive relationships. We also have a student from France who has a language barrier so I would recognise this and make provisions so that he/she is not discriminated in any way such as helping the children to write or draw in their books. Speak slowly, or use French words. When I started in year three I noticed some children were struggling with thick pencil so I made the teacher aware of this and changed to thin pencil and now we notice children enjoy writing. Moving the tables around to give children easy access. Moving the children closer to the board or reading out the questions. I would give some children extra time to complete the set task. This would ensure all children hav e the same opportunity to learn and be included in all aspects of school life. 2.5 Explain how to challenge discrimination The discrimination must always be challenged, according to the school policies, this is done through the behaviour policy, equal opportunity or Anti-bulling policy. Staff must follow the policies and procedures in place for discrimination. It has to be dealt with immediately. This may need to be recorded in a incident book. The discriminatory behaviour and comments may also need to be recorded. Sometimes children may say something without understanding the implication of their comments in such cases they must be made aware that such comments would be reported. They should be reminded that everyone in the school should be treated fairly and respectfully. If I heard a white girl making comments to a black girl such as† you can’t be queen you are black†. I would explain to that child that her remarks are hurtful and that every one has the right to be treated fairly so you should not judge people by the colour of their skin. Three boys tell a girl â€Å"you can’t help build the wall it’s men’s work†. As a TA I would go and talk to the three boys by asking why they think that and where they heard it . I would tell them that every one should be treated equally weather they are a boy or girl because we can all do the same job. Eg. Your mum cooks and she is a women but when you go to restaurants why are there men who are chefs. When you go to hospital there are men who are nurses. 2.1 Explain ways in which children and young people can experience prejudice and discrimination There are many different ways in which children and young people can experience prejudice and discrimination at school. One way might be trying to fit in with the expected appearances and behaviour. They may face discrimination or even be bullied. If a child is deprived of basic necessities like not having the enough food, looking untidy, not correct school uniform then this could lead to the child being discriminated against by other children. Some children may face sexism because boys may not include girls in certain activities eg. When a boy’s play with ball they think girls do not play with a ball. Children from other cultural backgrounds may not play with other children because they should only play with children from same background. Children with disabilities may not be involved in an activity with other children that could mean they have been discriminated against.

The Origin And Types Of Thrash Metal Music Essay

The Origin And Types Of Thrash Metal Music Essay We all know punk and classic metal were the two places thrash was taken from. Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Venom, Accept, Iron Maiden, Diamond Head and Thin Lizzy had a big influence on thrash. So did punk bands like Discharge, The Ramones, Sex Pistols and The Dead Boys. Another genre that thrash took influence from was hair metal, from the early hair metal of KISS to the satanic hair metal of Venom. Songs like Symptom of the Universe Black Sabbath, Stone Cold Crazy Queen, Ace of Spades and Overkill Motorhead and dozens of Judas Priest songs like Exciter were the first hints of thrash, with a very different riff-structure and high tempos never reached before by rock/metal. Thrash metal is directly responsible for the offshoot of popular underground metal genres, such as death metal and black metal BLACK METAL: During the 1980s, certain thrash metal bands formed a prototype for black metal. This so-called first wave included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Hellhammer AND Celtic Frost DEATH METAL : Building from the musical structure of thrash metal and early black metal, death metal emerged during the mid 1980s Metal acts such as Slayer, Kreator, Celtic Frost and Venom were very important influences to the crafting of the genre. Along with the band Death and its frontman Chuck Schuldiner, who is often referred to as the father of death metal bands such as Possessed, Obituary and Morbid Angel are often considered pioneers of the genre [b]Early Thrash:[/b] Many people see the genre getting its beginnings in California and the West Coast. But it was happening all over the world. Metal Church is the band that started off the West Coast thrash scene with their infamous Red Skies demo. About the same time as Metal Church was releasing some of the heaviest metal in existence at the time, the same was going on in New Jersey with a cover band, Overkill, who recently started writting their own music. By 1981, Overkill had written, copyrighted and been performing their new song, Unleash The Beast Within, everywhere. Kreator, of Germany, at the time known as Tormentor, was also releasing live demos of some of their new heavy thrash style by the very early 80s. Another band who helped innovate thrash, but is given little credit for it is Znowhite, a thrash band from Chicago, IL. Znowhite had their first demos out by 1981, but a Chicago thrash scene never really developed from it. And last but not least is the Canadian thrash giant, Exciter, who released their first demos as early as 1980! Soon after, still in the very early 80s, a new band was beginning to pick up the lighter thrash/classic metal sound Metal Church had innovated, and they brought it to a new level of speed and heaviness. This band was Leather Charm, a not so well known name, run by a nearly household name, James Hetfield. He developed the style of Metal Church into a new milestone in thrash, which went by the name Hit The Lights. The song started as a cover song, but moved very far away from that and into one of the first true thrash songs ever written. Soon after they finished this song, the band disbanded, and James Hetfield than formed a new band by the name of Metallica in late 1981. Soon many other bands that had connections with some of the first pioneers of thrash, like Overkill, Metallica, Tormentor (Kreator) and Metal Church, started to develop a thrash sound as well. Exodus, Trauma and Warning SF were examples on the east coast. Those three bands, and a few others, being the founders of what would become the biggest thrash scene in existence. And Anthrax would soon follow in Overkills footsteps on the east coast. Sodom, Destruction and Angel Dust followed after Tormentor/Kreators style in Germany. During Metallicas early career, the band was having trouble with their Lead guitarist, who was constantly out partying, drinking and doing drugs. This man was Dave Mustaine, and after Exodus and Kirk Hammet (at the time guitarist of Exodus) were brought to Metallicas attention, they kicked Mustaine out of the band and recruited Kirk Hammet. Not long before this, a new bassist, Cliff Burton, was found by Metallica during a Trauma (Burtons band at the time) concert and recruited as their new bassist. Megadeth was soon formed by the enraged Dave Mustaine to get vengeance against Metallica. [b]The Bay Area/San Francisco:[/b] This thrash scene was founded in the very early 80s, around 1982, by thrash band Exodus as well as Death Angel, Dark Angel, Blind Illusion and Slayer in 1983. Bands like Trauma (who was more so a speed metal band than thrash), Hirax, Testament, Forbidden, Possessed and dozens of others developed and helped the scene as well. Slayer is probably the best known of all the pioneering bands of the Bay Area, although during their early career, it was not thrash they were playing at the start of their career, it was classic metal, hugely influenced by NWOBHM. Blind Illusion is one of the least known, but has two of the most recognized metal musicians of all time, Les Claypool, of Primus, and Larry LaLonde, of Possessed and Primus. Bands like Blind Illusion and Forbidden would become pioneers of a soon to come sub-genre of thrash, Tech. thrash. Possessed and Slayer would become godfathers of the genre that developed from thrash, death metal, as well as brut al thrash. [b]East Coast Thrash:[/b] This scene was largely based in Newyork. The first thrash band of this scene, Overkill, might have started in New Jersey, but they soon relocated to New York. The next band to come was Hades, a straight-forward thrash band with a huge-octived vocalist came onto the thrash scene in 82 with the demo, Deliver Us From Evil. Even though Hades formed in 1978, they didnt record material until 82. Bands like Anthrax came onto the scene soon after in 1982, which were probably the second most important pioneer of the East Coast thrash scene (Even though they came after Hades, they largely popularized the scene, making it easier for thrash bands to make it in New York in particular). Bands like Blessed Death (in 83/84), Nuclear Assault (in 84), Hallows Eve (in 84), Nasty Savage (in 84), Whiplash (in 84), Ludichrist (in 85), Deceased (in 85). A later band who didnt really contribute to the creation of the scene was Blood Feast, and I just thought Id mention them as they re considered the Slayer of the East Coast. [b]Teutonic Thrash: [/b]Better known as German Thrash, was started by thrash band Kreator in 81/82, but at the time, the band was known as Tormentor. For some reason, the German Thrash scene was much heavier in general than any American thrash scene. The two other big pioneers of German thrash were Sodom, in 1983, and Destruction, in 1984.. Vendetta was also a big contributor to the scene, but never got the credit they deserved. They wrote great music and released their first material in 82, before Sodom or Destruction. Bands like Tankard (in 84), Living Death (in 83), Holy Moses (First album in 87, dont know when their first demos were), Iron Angel (in 84) and Angel Dust (in 85), both had huge influences on the scene, too. These bands would go on to help aid the creation of extreme metal (black/death metal), especially Kreator. Some of the other big bands of the scene were Assassin (in 85), Exumer (in 85), Accuser (in 86), Deathrow (in 86) and Paradox (in 87). The oddest of the well known thrash bands is probably Mekong Delta, a prog/thrash band, whose guitarists were unknown for the beginning of their career and are hugely influenced by classical composers. The German thrash scene is still alive with bands like Grinder and Desaster, but its nearing death and is nowhere near as popular as it once was. [b]Canadian Thrash[/b]: Canada is known for producing several top quality tech. thrash, but for some reason, people usually dont go farther beyond the tech. giants like Annihilator and Voivod. The pioneers of the Canadian thrash scene were Exciter (in 1980), Eudoxis (Not very popular, but they have influence almost every Canadian thrash band. They released Metal Fix in 1985), Voivoid (in 83), Annihilator (in 85), Razor (in 84) and Slaughter (in 84.. Not the Shitty Las Vegas hair metal band). Voivod debuted in 1984, but it wasnt until their 1987 album, Killing Technology did they add prog. to their song-structures. Annihilator was the band that started the tech. thrash scene in Canada, while Voivod brought it to new levels. Annihilator didnt debut until 1989, but had tech. thrash demos out as early as 1985. Bands like Razor and Slaughter were some of the earliest thrashers, but it was Eudoxis who set the standards with their near-perfect EP, Metal Fix. Exciter was the first band to br ing thrash/speed metal to Canada, and one of the first three speed/thrash metal bands in existence. Some of the other big Canadian thrashers were Ghoulunatics, Infernal Majesty, Dyoxen, Sacrifice, DBC and Obliveon. On a random note, Eudoxis drummers double bass drums were six feet in diameter each! [b]Brazilian Thrash:[/b] The latest big thrash scene to develop. The scene was started by Ratos de PorALo, they were a hardcore punk band, bordering thrash, and were fairly popular. The actual thrash scene was pioneered by Vulcano (in 83), Sepultura (in 85), Korzus (in 84/85) and Overdose (in 85). Other big Brazilian thrash bands are Chakal (in 86), Dorsal AtlAcntica (in 85.. Known as Ultimatum at the time), Opprobrium (in 87.. Then known as Incubus, no relation to the rap-metal band Incubus, though), Mutilator (in 85), Torture Squad (in 93) and Holocausto (in 85.. It was a very controversial band, and Ill explain why soon). Sepultura was a brutal thrash band that released their first material in 1985, AKA Bestial Devastation. They were influenced by Brazilian death/thrash band, Vulcano, the first big thrash band onto the scene. Now about Holocausto, you can probably guess why they were controversial from the name. Holocausto was a thrash of neo-nazis whose lyrics were based on neo-n azism. The Brazilian thrash scene is still healthy and probably the only of the big thrash scenes still far from death. [b]Thrash from Everywhere Else[/b]: There were a couple other smaller thrash scenes that I decided to just throw together in an Everywhere Else section. There was Sabbat (in 85), Onslaught (in 83) and Xentrix (in 89), being the three premier British thrash bands. Prog. Thrash band Stone (in 87) of Finland, Artillery (in 83) of Denmark and uber-technical thrash band Coroner (in 86) of Switzerland. Finally, there is Mortal Sin (in 87), Hobbs Angel of Death (in 88 ) and Sadistik Exekution (in 91) of Australia. Those are all the big thrash metal bands I havent covered yet. Now onto sub-genres. [b]Crossover:[/b] This is a sub-genre of bands whose punk influence is so strong that they crossover into both hardcore and thrash. The sub-genre was first introduced by DRI (AKA Dirty Rotten Imbeciles) with their 1982 EP, Dirty Rotten EP. The next most important pioneer was Suicidal Tendencies who released their first material in 1983. They usually influenced thrash and started the Crossover sub-genre. Bands to follow in their footsteps would be Nuclear Assault (in 84), Hirax (in 85), Anthrax (In 85, as after their debut, they began focusing on their hardcore influences), Stormtroopers of Death (in 85), MOD (in 86), Ludichrist (in 85) and Cryptic Slaughter (in 86). [b]Groove Metal :[/b] Groove Metal was a genre of groove-based melodies and usually slower tempod riffs, solos, etc, than normal thrashThis genre was pioneered by Exhorder in the mid/late eighties (Starting in 86), but popularized by Pantera (First Groove Metal albums in 1990). The genre became very popular before of Pantera and was also played by Sepultura on the album, Arise. some other great groove metal bands are Machine Head (in 94), Ghoulunatics (in 95), Prong (Later albums) and Overkill (From The Killing Kind to BloodLetting.. AKA their 1996-1999 albums). [b]Technical Thrash:[/b] This genre is pretty much a combination of progressive metal and thrash metal. The pioneers of this genre were Watchtower, of Austin Texas, who released their first material in 1984, on the Demo Meltdown. They were the first big metal band to fuse prog. and thrash, along with Blind Illusion at least, who released less popular demos in very late 1983/1984. Annihilator followed in a thrashier form of technical thrash with their first demos being released in 1985. Some other great pioneering tech. thrash bands are Voivod (in 87), Forbidden (in 88), Coroner (in 86) and Megadeth (on Rust In Peace). [b]END OF THRASH METAL[/b] In the 1990s, many veteran thrash metal bands began changing to more accessible, radio-friendly styles. Metallica were a notable example of this shift, particularly with their mid to late 90s albums Load (1996), and ReLoad (1997), which both displayed minor blues and southern rock influences, and were seen as a major departure from the bands earlier sound. Megadeth took a more accessible hard rock route starting with their 1992 album Countdown to Extinction, and Testament released the melodic The Ritual in 1992 [b]THRASH IS BACK (2000s)[/b] Thrash metal has recently seen a certain degree of resurgence of popularity. Bands including Municipal Waste, Evile, SSS, Sanctity and Gama Bomb have been cited as key in the resurgence of thrash metal. The genres sense of recklessness and energy has been cited as a potential reason for its resurgence. Also many bands that ended around the 90s gathered again around 2000s, bands like Exumer, Evildead, Dark Angel (band), Death Angel, Nuclear Assault, Defiance (band), Whiplash (band), Hirax, and Possessed (band). Older thrash bands have continued to put out material such as Megadeths Endgame (2009), Slayers World Painted Blood (2009), Metallicas Death Magnetic (2008), Destructions D.E.V.O.L.U.T.I.O.N. (2008), Sodoms The Final Sign of Evil (2007), Death Angels Relentless Retribution (2010), Kreators Hordes of Chaos (2009), Exodus Exhibit B: The Human Condition (2010), Overkills Ironbound (2010), Onslaughts Killing Peace (2007), Testaments The Formation of Damnation (2008), Metal Church This Present Wasteland (2008), Artillerys When Death Comes (2009), and Voivods Infini (2009). In September 2009, it was reported that Metallicas Lars Ulrich was attempting to assemble a tour with thrash metals Big Four ? Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax ? together on one bill. The Big Four took the stage together for seven shows in the Sonisphere Festival concert series.